Is ACANA being sold

Mars is Buying ORIJEN and ACANA, Heres Why So Many Are Upset About It

Mars, Incorporated, the company behind some of the worlds most popular candy brands, is buying Champion Petfoods. Champion Petfoods is the Canadian company behind ORIJEN and ACANA, two of the most popular premium natural and grain-free pet food brands in the world. The news comes with very mixed reactions from pet parents and independent retailers. Some are thrilled that the company that owns Pedigree and IAMS is also buying a premium pet food brand, while others are concerned about the possible negative impacts on ORIJEN and ACANA.

The acquisition will give Mars Petcare a strong foothold in the ever-growing natural pet food market. It will also give Mars Petcare access to Champion Petfoods state-of-the-art pet food manufacturing facilities.

The terms of the deal were not disclosed.

Mars Petcare owns a lot of pet brands

While Mars, Incorporated is well-known for M&Ms and Snickers bars, their Mars Petcare brand is definitely not new to the pet arena. They also own the Cesar, Eukanuba, Iams, Crave, Nutro, Sheba, Pedigree, Royal Canin, Temptations, Dreamies, Greenies, and Whiskas brands as well as Antech, Banfield Pet Hospitals, Blue Pearl and VCA animal hospitals, and many others.

So, why are pet parents and independent retailers upset?

The concern is that Mars Petcare is a very large corporation and, as such, their ultimate goal is to make money for shareholders. Will this be at the expense of the quality of the food they produce?

Pet parents and independent retailers are worried that the quality of ORIJEN and ACANA will suffer now that they are owned by a massive corporation. Champion Petfoods has built a strong reputation for making high-quality, nutritious pet food and faithful customers are afraid the new owners will change the brands recipes and ingredients.

For example, when Procter & Gamble bought Iams in 1999, Iams reformulated their recipes to include more fillers and cheaper ingredients in order to cut costs. This resulted in a drop in quality and many pet parents started feeding their pets other brands.

The same thing could happen with ORIJEN and ACANA if Mars Petcare cuts corners to save money. This would be a huge disappointment for the many pet parents who have come to trust and love these brands.

What does this mean for ORIJEN and ACANA?

Only time will tell what this acquisition will mean for ORIJEN and ACANA. It is possible that the quality of the foods will suffer now that they are owned by a large corporation. It is also possible that Mars Petcare will invest in Champion Petfoods and help them to expand and improve even more.

In the meantime, pet parents should continue to feed their pets ORIJEN and ACANA foods as they have in the past. If you are not happy with the food, there are many other high-quality premium pet food brands you can start switching to. The acquisition is expected to be completed by the first half of 2023.

Final thoughts

The Mars Petcare acquisition of Champion Petfoods is a big deal in the pet food world. Only time will tell what this means for the future of ORIJEN and ACANA. In the meantime, well be keeping a close eye on things and will let you know if anything changes.

Mars, Incorporated, ORIJEN, ACANA, and all other brand names are trademarked property of their respective owners.

The Catington Post is reader-supported. That means, if you make a purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.All images and names which are not the property of The Catington Post are the property of their respective owners.

Mars Petcare to Purchase Orijen and Acana

The largest manufacturer of pet food in the world just got a bit larger. Mars Petcare announced in a press release today (11/1/22) that it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Champion Petfoods.

According to Statista.com, the top three feed grade pet food manufacturers based on revenue in 2021 was:

1. Mars Petcare with $19 billion in revenue.
2. Nestle Purina Petcare with $16.5 billion in revenue.
3. Hills Pet Nutrition with only $3.3 billion in revenue.

With revenue so close between Mars and Purina, did they purchase Champion only to pull further in front of Purina?

But how much more can Mars buy in the pet industry?

From the Mars website, these are existing pet related businesses owned by Mars:

Veterinary and Diagnostic ServicesMars Veterinary HealthAniCuraAntechAsia Veterinary DiagnosticsBanfield Pet HospitalsBlue Pearl Vet HospitalsLinnaeusMount Pleasant Veterinary GroupVCA Animal HospitalsVeterinary Emergency & Specialty HospitalsVeterinary Specialty Hospitals

Pet Nutrition and Therapeutic Health ServicesAPIAquarianBuckeye NutritionCatsanCesarChappieCraveDreamieesEukanubaGreeniesIamsJames WellbelovedKitekatLovebug!MisfitsMy Cat DNAMy Dog DNANatusanNutroPeaweePedigreePerfect FitRoyal CaninShebaSpillersTemptationsThomasWhiskasWinergy

Technology for PetsCompanion FundFluffyGoKinshipLeapPet Insight ProjectVet InsightWalthamWhistleWisdom Panel

When will Mars own too much of the pet industry? When does it become a monopoly?

Wishing you and your pet the best

Susan ThixtonPet Food Safety AdvocateTruthaboutPetFood.comAssociation for Truth in Pet Food

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Whats in Your Pets Food?Is your dog or cat eating risk ingredients? Chinese imports? Petsumer Report tells the rest of the story on over 5,000 cat foods, dog foods, and pet treats. 30 Day Satisfaction Guarantee. Click Here to preview Petsumer Report. www.PetsumerReport.com

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Acana Dog Food Review (Dry)

The Acana product line includes the 5 dry dog foods listed below.

Each recipe includes its AAFCO nutrient profile: Growth (puppy), Maintenance (adult), All Life Stages, Supplemental or Unspecified.

Recipe and Label Analysis

Acana Free-Run Poultry Formula was selected to represent the other products in the line for detailed recipe and nutrient analysis.

Ingredients Analysis

The first ingredient in this dog food is chicken. Although it is a quality item, raw chicken contains up to 73% water. After cooking, most of that moisture is lost, reducing the meat content to just a fraction of its original weight.

After processing, this item would probably account for a smaller part of the total content of the finished product.

The second ingredient is turkey, another quality, raw item inclusive of water.

The third ingredient is chicken meal. Chicken meal is considered a meat concentrate and contains nearly 300% more protein than fresh chicken.

Its important to note that the next 6 out of 10 ingredients included in this recipe are each a type of legume:

• Green peas
• Red lentils
• Pinto beans
• Chickpeas
• Green lentils
• Yellow peas

Although theyre a mixture of quality plant ingredients, theres an important issue to consider here. And thats the recipe design practice known as ingredient splitting.

If we were to combine all these individual items together and report them as one, that newer combination would likely occupy a significantly higher position on the list.

In addition, legumes contain about 25% protein, a factor that must also be considered when judging the meat content of this dog food.

The seventh ingredient in this food is chicken liver, an organ meat sourced from a named animal and thus considered a beneficial component.

The eighth ingredient is chicken fat. Chicken fat is obtained from rendering chicken, a process similar to making soup in which the fat itself is skimmed from the surface of the liquid.

Chicken fat is high in linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid essential for life. Although it doesnt sound very appetizing, chicken fat is actually a quality ingredient.

The ninth ingredient is catfish meal, yet another high protein meat concentrate.

Fish meal is typically obtained from the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole fish and fish cuttings of commercial fish operations.¹

From here, the list goes on to include a number of other items.

But to be realistic, ingredients located this far down the list (other than nutritional supplements) are not likely to affect the overall rating of this Champion Petfoods product.

With 4 notable exceptions

First, we find lentil fiber, a mixture of both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber derived from lentils. Aside from the usual benefits of fiber, this agricultural by-product provides no other nutritional value to a dog.

Next, fish oil is naturally rich in the prized EPA and DHA type of omega-3 fatty acids. These two high quality fats boast the highest bio-availability to dogs and humans.

Depending on its level of freshness and purity, fish oil should be considered a commendable addition.

In addition, chicory root is rich in inulin, a starch-like compound made up of repeating units of carbohydrates and found in certain roots and tubers.

Not only is inulin a natural source of soluble dietary fiber, its also a prebiotic used to promote the growth of healthy bacteria in a dogs digestive tract.

And lastly, this food contains chelated minerals, minerals that have been chemically attached to protein. This makes them easier to absorb. Chelated minerals are usually found in better dog foods.

Nutrient Analysis

Based on its ingredients alone, Acana Dog Food looks like an above-average dry product.

The dashboard displays a dry matter protein reading of 33%, a fat level of 19% and estimated carbohydrates of about 40%.

As a group, Acana features an average protein content of 34% and a mean fat level of 18%. Together, these figures suggest a carbohydrate content of 40% for the overall product line.

And a fat-to-protein ratio of about 53%.

Which means this Acana product line contains

Above-average protein. Above-average fat. And below-average carbs when compared to a typical dry dog food.

Even when you consider the protein-boosting effect of the multiple legumes, this looks like the profile of a kibble containing a notable amount of meat.

Champion Petfoods Dog Food Recall History

The following automated list (if present) includes all dog food recalls related to Champion Petfoods through April 2024.

No recalls noted.

You can view a complete list of all dog food recalls since 2009 here.

Our Rating of Acana Dry Dog Food

Acana is a grain-free dry dog food using a notable amount of named meat meals as its dominant source of animal protein, thus earning the brand 4 stars.

However, its unfortunate the company chose to include so much plant-based protein in its recipe. Otherwise, we would have been compelled to award this product a higher rating.

Acana Recall History and Pet Food Brand Info

Petful is reader-supported. As an affiliate of platforms, like Amazon, we may earn a commission when you buy through links on this page. There is no extra cost to you.

No Acana recalls to date.

Brand Name: ArcanaRelated Brands: OrijenProduct Lines: Acana Grasslands, Acana Wild Atlantic, Acana Meadowland, Acana Paleo Formula, Acana Light & Fit Formula, Acana Feast Formula, Acana Red Meat Recipe With Wholesome Grains, Acana Free-Run Poultry Recipe With Wholesome Grains, Acana Free-Run Poultry Formula With Wholesome Grains, Acana Appalachian Ranch, Acana Kentucky Farmlands With Wholesome Grains, Acana American Waters With Wholesome Grains, Acana Turkey & Greens Formula Singles Limited Ingredient Diet, Acana Turkey & Pumpkin Recipe Singles Limited Ingredient Diet, Acana Duck & Pear Recipe Singles Limited Ingredient Diet, Acana Pork & Squash Recipe Singles Limited Ingredient Diet, Acana Puppy & Junior Formula, Acana Homestead Harvest, Acana Bountiful Catch, Acana Indoor EntreCompany: Champion Petfoods LPHeadquarters: 301, 1103 95 Street SW, Edmonton, AB T6CX 0P8, CanadaWebsite: https://championpetfoods.com/enPhone: 1-877-939-0006Contact form: https://championpetfoods.com/en/contact-us.html

Acana Company Overview

Acana is produced by Champion Petfoods, a Canadian company. The products, including dog and cat food and treats, are designed to be biologically appropriate for pets.With roots going back to its founding in 1975 as Champion Feed Services Ltd., todays Champion Petfoods is the pet food industrys little engine that could. The company also makes Orijen.Below, we share more information about the history of Acana pet food including up-to-date recall information.Reinhard Muhlenfeld, a German-born Canadian who was an engineer by trade, noticed in the early 1970s that animal feed was being imported into Canada from the United States.With the thought that local is better, Muhlenfeld started Champion Feed Services Ltd. in a small factory in Barrhead, Alberta, in 1975.He approached local farmers and businesspeople directly to find buyers for his products. The company came to be a value-added agri-processing operation, according to one newspaper account.In 1985, as hog feed demand decreased, the company branched into pet foods, eventually producing brands like Brown Bag, Yukon Gold 30/20 Mushers Mix, Champs Choice Deluxe and Masterfeeds Sportsman.The earliest mention we could find of the Acana brand was in 2001, which happens to be the year Champion Petfoods was spun off from the feed mill as an independent company.

Champion Petfoods Really Takes OffIn 2005, Champion Petfoods launched its Orijen brand.In conjunction with the launch, Champion trademarked the expression biologically appropriate, which means the food matches the specific breed of animal.Around the time of the Orijen launch, existing brand Acana was already being shipped from Canada to dozens of countries around the world. Even so, according to Champion Petfoods sales and marketing manager Peter Muhlenfeld in 2006, we see Orijen as our future.From 2010 to 2017, Champion Petfoods saw unprecedented expansion. Starting the decade with 92 employees, the company grew to employ 550.To facilitate its stellar growth, the company built a U.S. facility in Kentucky, then another in Parkland County, Alberta.

Committed to Locally and Sustainably Raised IngredientsOne distinctive feature of Champion is its commitment to using locally raised ingredients.A company spokesperson says the pet food produced in Auburn, Kentucky, will taste different from the pet food made in Alberta. Thats because all ingredients are sourced locally. In researching the Kentucky location, the company made sure that all necessary ingredients could be grown or raised nearby.The company has also committed itself to using only sustainably raised food. That means only free-range chickens, sustainably harvested fish, and sustainably raised cattle can be sold for Acana and other Champion brands. Champion is notable, too, for promoting bison agriculture.

Acana vs. Orijen: Whats the Difference?So whats the difference between Acana and Orijen? It has to do with the amount of meat ingredients and the price.According to a 2016 Facebook post by the company, Orijen has 8090% meat, while Acana foods have 5075%. Orijen also has more fresh meat than Acana. The company pointed out that both are biologically appropriate foods, made with fresh regional ingredients.Although slightly lower in protein then Orijen, Acana provides an unbeatable value and price point, according to the post.

Continuing to InnovateIn early 2020, Acana debuted 4 new cat recipes: Acana Cat First Feast, Acana Cat Homestead Harvest, Acana Cat Boutiful Catch and Acana Cat Indoor Entre. All of them featured at least 65% small prey animal ingredients.In addition, the company has reformulated existing Acana Singles and Acana Regionals recipes over the past few years. Some of the changes involved adding more meat, reducing legumes and eliminating peas.A few Acana recipes now feature wholesome grains, which are said to be rich in fiber and highly nutritious, supporting optimum gut health.The new recipes provide better quality options for a larger segment of the pet population, said Rod Troni, chief marketing officer at Champion Petfoods.

Is Nestl Buying Champion Petfoods?No. Champion Petfoods has said this is merely a rumor.The Wall Street Journal reported on July 2, 2018, that Nestl Purina PetCare Company was trying to buy a majority stake in Champion. The price tag? More than $2 billion.However, Champion disputed any such speculation about Nestls acquisition of Champion.It is our policy to never comment on rumors or speculation in the market, the company said in a Facebook post the day the Wall Street Journal article was published. Rumors about Champion being sold have been circulating over the past few years and will continue for as long we deliver on our promise to make the worlds best pet food under our Acana and Orijen brands.It was kind of a denial, but more of a were not going to comment.A few months later, in December 2018, the Financial Times reported that early-stage talks between Nestl and Champion Petfoods had been rekindled. The talks remained tentative, though.The Financial Times said, The people familiar with the situation cautioned that there was no guarantee a deal could be reached. It is also not clear if Champions backers want to pursue a sale of the company, which continues to grow quickly.No other reporting has emerged on an acquisition deal, so it appears to have fallen apart. Thats great news for many fans of Acana and Orijen, who were up in arms about any deal that puts those brands under the Nestl Purina corporate umbrella.The number of negative comments related to this takeover is simply overwhelming, commented one person on LinkedIn. Conscious consumers do not trust Purina and declare walking away from buying Champions products. Many are convinced Nestl will destroy the quality of products for profit.

Has There Ever Been an Acana Recall?

There has never been an Acana recall, according to our research.

Acana Company Complaints

2019 Heart Disease InvestigationWe do want to alert readers to the fact that, in late June 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified Acana as one of 16 pet food brands that may be linked to heart disease in dogs and cats. None of those 16 brands have been recalled as part of the agencys ongoing investigation, though. Most, but not all, of the pet foods are grain-free and/or dry (kibble) dog food formulations.The FDA says this is a complex scientific issue thatmay involve multiple factors, and that it cannot even be certain that diet is a cause of the heart problems.Champion Petfoods says, We continue to test our food every day to ensure we are meeting all quality and safety standards and to deliver the best possible nutrition for pets.

Class-Action LawsuitIn March 2018, a class-action lawsuit (Weaver v. Champion Petfoods USA Inc. et al.) was filedagainst Champion Petfoods, accusing the company of negligent, reckless practices, false advertising, and failing to disclose the presence of heavy metals and toxins in its Acana and Orijen dog foods.In response, the company called the allegations meritless and based on misinterpretation of the data.

2011 Salmonella TestIn January 2011, routine testing by the FDA of a single sample of Acana Grasslands dog food came up positive for salmonella bacteria.Or maybe not. Champion Petfoods has described it this way: The FDA concluded only that the sample appearedto contain salmonella.Because of the test result, the FDA issued a temporary import alert on Acana Grasslands in 2011. Import alerts are issued when the agency has enough evidence to allow for [refusal] of products that appear to be in violation of the FDAs laws and regulations.Companies whose products have been refused have the right to provide evidence to the FDA in an attempt to overcome the appearance of the violation, the agency says.Thats what Champion Petfoods did. The company was convinced of its innocence because it was testing all products for salmonella before they were ever shipped out. The FDAs test result must have been a false positive.In a long-since-deleted FAQ from 2011 (archived here), Champion said it fully complied with all FDA requirements, sending additional samples of Acana Grasslands Dog to a third-party FDA-certified lab. Without exception the test results from each sample tested negative for salmonella.The import alert was lifted soon after that. No recall was issued.

Mad Cow Disease ScareYears ago, in May 2003, Champion Petfoods faced an unprecedented crisis.A rendered meat ingredient used in some of its lower-end brands was found to possibly contain the remains of a cow that had been infected with mad cow disease. None of Champions premium brands, such as Acana, had used such rendered ingredients and Orijen hadnt even been invented yet.A report from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency on May 27, 2003, found that a cow infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a fatal brain-wasting disease, had been slaughtered in January 2003 and was then processed by a small rendering facility in northern Alberta, Canada.Champion Petfoods may have then used the rendered material in 4 of its dog foods:

• Yukon Gold 30/20 Mushers Mix (Lot #32819)
• Champs Choice Deluxe (Lot #32884)
• Masterfeeds Sportsman (Lot #33105)
• Brown Bag (Lot #33112)

The affected dog food was produced between Feb. 4 and March 12, 2003, and was distributed in both Canada and the United States.Dr. Brian Evans, chief veterinarian at the Canadian inspection agency, said theres no scientific evidence that dogs can contract BSE.However, even though there is no known risk to dogs from eating this dog food, as a prudent measure customers who may have purchased the suspect product [should return it] so that the dog food will not mistakenly be mixed into cattle or other feeds, U.S. safety officials at the FDA reiterated in a May 30, 2003, advisory.Canadian authorities did not require a dog food recall, but Champion said it would offer customers refunds if requested.After the 2003 BSE scare, Champion announced it was eliminating rendered beef from all of its pet food products, including the lower-priced grocery store brands. That wasnt enough the company temporarily lost significant trust.In the weeks after the crisis hit, Champion was losing around $200,000 per day in sales and was forced to lay off half of its 60-employee workforce. Its a brutal situation for us, said Peter Muhlenfeld, who was then sales and marketing manager. We couldnt survive like this for long.Eventually, the company recovered and grew even stronger. Most pet parents at this point probably arent even aware that Champion Petfoods was ever caught up in a mad cow scare and it bears repeating that Acana and Orijen were never affected by that madness.

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References

• Reinhard Muhlenfeld, Inducted: 2014. Alberta Order of Excellence.https://www.lieutenantgovernor.ab.ca/aoe/business/reinhard-muhlenfeld/index.html.
• Bracken, Amber. How Once-Tiny Pet-Food Maker Took a Bite of the Global Market.Globe and Mail. Jan. 16, 2018.https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/canadian-powerhouse-export-your-dog-is-eating-it/article37605774/.
• Obituary: Reinhard MuhlenfeldEdmonton Journal. Feb. 15, 2018.https://edmontonjournal.remembering.ca/obituary/reinhard-muhlenfeld-1066222237.
• Finlayson, David. Healthy Pet Food Is Close to Home.Calgary Herald. Aug. 28, 2006. B6.
• Dalal, Suntanu. Pet Food Manufacturer Proves to Be Champion Exporter.Edmonton Journal. March 13, 2002. H15.
• McNaughton, Nerissa. Champion Petfoods: Expanding, Innovating and Improving the Communities It Serves.Business in Edmonton. Nov. 1, 2017.https://businessinedmonton.com/featured/champion-petfoods-expanding-innovating-improving-communities-serves/.
• A Champion Among Us: Champion Petfoods Selects First U.S.-Based Kitchen. Gray. Oct. 7, 2014.https://www.gray.com/insights/a-champion-among-us-champion-petfoods-selects-first-u-s-based-kitchen/.
• Aldridge, Chris. AG Community Drew Champion Petfoods to Its New Kentucky Home. Kentucky Proud. June 2016.http://www.kyproud.com/kyproud-connection/2016/Ag-community-drew-Champion-Petfoods-to-its-new-Kentucky-home.html.
• Orijen and Acana: Whats the Difference? Orijen Facebook page. Sept. 9, 2016.https://www.facebook.com/ORIJENPetFoods/photos/orijen-and-acana:-whats-the/1170068079698640/.
• Champion Petfoods Ramps Up Innovation With Launch of New Orijen and Acana Recipes. Business Wire. Feb. 26, 2020.https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200226005538/en/Champion-Petfoods-Ramps-Innovation-Launch-New-ORIJEN.
• New Singles: Enhanced Nutrition & Taste. Acana.https://acana.com/en_US/acana-singles_enhanced.html.
• Dummett, Ben, et al. Nestl in Talks to Buy Pet Food Maker for $2 Billion.Wall Street Journal. July 2, 2018.https://www.wsj.com/articles/nestle-in-talks-to-buy-pet-food-maker-for-2-billion-1530531553.
• While We Have Certainly Seen the Speculation Champion Petfoods Facebook Page. July 2, 2018.https://www.facebook.com/ChampionPetfoods/posts/1702844509793882.
• Champion Petfoods Comments on Nestl Acquisition Speculation.Pet Product News. July 6, 2018.http://www.petproductnews.com/News/Champion-Petfood-Comments-on-Nestl-Acquisition-Speculation/.
• Atkins, Ralph, et al. Nestl Revives Talks for Canadian Pet Food Group Champion.Financial Times. Dec. 21, 2018.https://www.ft.com/content/74f5f720-0510-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1.
• Wall, Tim. Nestl Renews Talks to Buy Champion Petfoods Majority.Pet Food Industry. Dec. 21, 2018.https://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/7747-nestle-renews-talks-to-buy-champion-petfoods-majority?v=preview.
• Questions & Answers: FDA Center for Veterinary Medicines Investigation Into a Possible Connection Between Diet and Canine Heart Disease. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). June 27, 2019.https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/questions-answers-fda-center-veterinary-medicines-investigation-possible-connection-between-diet-and.
• Baker, Dave. Orijen/Acana Class-Action Lawsuit: What You Should Know. Petful. Aug. 15, 2019.https://www.petful.com/food/orijen-lawsuit-2018/.
• FAQs. Champion Petfoods.https://championpetfoods.com/en/frequently-asked-questions.html.
• Weaver v. Champion Petfoods USA Inc. et al. PacerMonitor.https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/26471335/Weaver_v_Champion_Petfoods_USA_Inc_et_al.
• Import Alerts. FDA. May 14, 2019.https://www.fda.gov/industry/actions-enforcement/import-alerts.
• FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions. Champion Petfoods. October 2011. Archived athttps://www.petful.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Champion-Petfoods-FAQ-2011-salmonella-Acana-.pdf.
• All About BSE (Mad Cow Disease). FDA. Oct. 29, 2019.https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/all-about-bse-mad-cow-disease.
• CFIA Issues Dog Food Advisory as Part of BSE Investigation. Resource News International. May 27, 2003.
• Flavelle, Dana. Nibbles and Bits of Cats, Dogs and Sick Cows.Toronto Star. July 18, 2003. F04.
• Girard, Daniel. Beef Can Be Shown to Be Safe, Officials Say.Toronto Star. May 28, 2003.
• Lang, Michelle. Dog Food Might Contain Mad Cow Remains: Pets Not at Risk of Getting Disease From Tainted Feed.Calgary Herald. May 28, 2003. A7.
• Walton, Dawn, and Paul Koring. Tests Raise Hope Beef Ban Near End.Globe and Mail. May 28, 2003. A3.
• FDA BSE Update: Pet Food From Canadian Manufacturer. M2 Presswire. May 30, 2003.

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